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Objective:To analyze the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and photoreceptor (PR) sublayer in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and G11778A mutation carriers. Methods:A cross sectional study. From September 2020 to October 2021, 68 LHON patients (136 eyes) (patient group) and 40 G11778A mutation carriers (80 eyes) of LHON patients' families (carrier group) were included in the study. All patients were found to have G11778A mutation by Genetic testing. Forty healthy volunteers with 80 eyes matched to the age and gender of the patient group were recruited as a normal control group. All eyes were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The pRNFL thickness was automatically measured by the built-in software of the OCT device. The total retinal thickness (MT) and the thickness of the outer bundle layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), external limiting membrane to retinal pigment epithelium (ELM-RPE) in macular OCT images were measured by Image J software. Linear mixed model was used to analyze and compare the thickness of pRNFL, macular fovea and four layers above the nasal and temporal paracentral retina in patients, carriers and normal controls. The correlation between pRNFL and macular retinal sublayer thickness and the course of disease was also analyzed. Results:The thickness of the upper and lower pRNFL, temporal pRNFL and average pRNFL of the patients were smaller than those of the carriers and the normal control group ( P<0.01), and the nasal pRNFL thickness of the patients was smaller than that of the carriers ( P<0.01). Fovea: compared with the normal control group, the thickness of MT and ONT in the patient group was decreased, ONL thickness decreased in carrier group, with the significant different ( P<0.05). Parafovea: compared with normal control group, the thickness of MT and temporal ONL decreased and temporal OPL increased in the patients group, with the significant different ( P<0.05). In the carrier group, the thickness of MT and temporal, nasal ONL decreased, and the thickness of nasal OPL increased, with the significant different ( P<0.05). Compared with the carrier group, the MT thickness of the patient group was decreased, and the nasal ONL and nasal ELM-RPE thickness were increased, with the significant different ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that the thinning of pRNFL in the superior, nasal, temporal and average ( r=-0.22, -0.21, -0.25, -0.22), and the thickening of ELM-RPE in foveo-temporal ( r=0.19) were correlated with the course of disease ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The pRNFL of LHON patients with G11778A mutation becomes thinner and is related to the course of the disease. There were significant differences in the thickness of MT and PR sublayers between patients and carriers compared to the normal control group.
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Retinal leakage is not only a very common pathological phenomenon but also a common pathological feature of many retinal diseases, its pathogenesis is very complex. The application of ultra-wide-angle fluorescein angiography is one of the main means to observe and evaluate retinal leakage. Leakage index is a new index for evaluating retinal leakage. Studies have explored its correlation in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis and other diseases, evaluating treatment effects and predicting prognosis. However, the number of related studies is small and the conclusions are inconsistent. In the future, it is still necessary to further advance the quantitative analysis of leakage, the application of leakage in more diseases, and the clinical trials of leakage rate to explore its role in predicting and evaluating treatment effects in retinal diseases.
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Objective:To observe the characteristics of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and the photopic negative response (PhNR) of flash electroretinogram (FERG) in patients and carriers with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).Methods:A cross sectional, observational study. Thirty-two patients (64 eyes) diagnosed with LHON (LHON group) and 15 normal members with the same mutation in patient's family (carrier group) were included in this study from February 2021 to November 2021 in the Department of Ophthalmology of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. All patients in LHON group were males (100.0%, 32/32) and the average age was 23.34±7.41 years. In the carrier group of 15 cases (30 eyes), there were 2 males (13.3%, 2/15) and 13 females (86.7%, 12/15). The average age was 43.44±7.65 years. Twenty-four healthy subjects (48 eyes) in the same period were selected as the control group. Among them, there were 8 males (33.3%, 8/24) and 16 females (66.7%, 16/24). The average age was 23.42±2.54 years. All subjects were examined with the GT-2008V-VI visual electrophysiology instrument of Chongqing Gotec Medical Equipment Limited Company for PERG and FERG. P50 and N95 amplitudes of PERG and PhNR, a wave and b wave amplitudes of FERG were recorded. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses of the nasal, superior, temporal, inferior and average quadrants were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The amplitudes of a wave, b wave, PhNR, P50 wave, N95 wave and pRNFL thickness between the three groups were compared by one-way ANOVA. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between different parameters.Results:Compared with the control group, the amplitudes of PhNR in LHON group and carrier group decreased significantly ( F=11.973, P<0.001). The results of correlation analysis showed that the amplitude of PhNR in LHON group was significantly correlated with the thickness of nasal and temporal pRNFL ( r=0.249, 0.272; P=0.048, 0.030). There was no significant difference in P50 wave amplitude between patients, carriers and controls ( F=1.342, P=0.265). There was no significant difference in N95 wave amplitude between patients and controls ( P=0.960). Conclusion:The PhNR amplitudes of FERG in LHON patients and carriers decrease significantly compared to controls.
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Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disease. It is clinically recognizable by painless, bilateral loss of vision, and the prognosis of vision is generally poor. In recent years, the information provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) has greatly improved people's understanding of LHON, and new progress has been made in the intervention and treatment of LHON. A detailed understanding of the structural changes of retina and choroid under OCT and OCTA of the natural course and after treatment of LHON, may provide reference for revealing the pathogenesis, prediction of onset time, differential diagnosis, follow-up of treatment effect and prognosis of LHON.
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Objective To investigate the effect of metformin ( MET) on learning and memory behavior in HFD-induced insulin-resistant rats.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups to receive either a normal diet (Control group) or a high-fat diet (two HFD groups) for four weeks(HFD+MET).From two HFD groups, one received vehicle ( HFD group ) alone and other MET administration ( HFD+MET group ) .MET was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.All rats were subjected to the glucose tolerance test ( GTT) and behavioral tests using the elevated plus maze ( EPM ) , open field test ( OFT ) , Morris water maze ( MWM ) test and the step-through passive avoidance test ( PA) after four-week consecutive MET treatment .Blood samples were collected for determination of glucose. Results MET attenuated the glucose resistant condition and improved cognitive behavior in MWM and PA, vs the HFD group. Conclusion MET can improve the impaired learning and memory behavior in HFD-induced insulin-resistant rats.
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Traditionally,the nellrorl of central nervous system has been regarded as lack of regeneration capability.Recent studies have found that cerebral ischemia may activate neurogenesis in brains of adult mammals,and bring new hope for neural repair after ischemic brain injury.It is very necessary to fully understand the site of neurogenesis,process and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia and its regulation mechanisms in adult mammals.
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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in glycoproteins expressed on cell surfaces which play an essential role in clinical disorders. At present, there are several groups of anti inflammatory drugs interfere with the expression of CAMs either directly or indirectly. This paper reviews the study of recent finding pharmacological agents associated with CAMs.
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AIM:To investigate the effects of rolipram on the ability of learning and memory and the activity of PDE4 in hippocampus following the focal brain injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS:The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group,and rolipram group.Rolipram was administered once a day(1 mg/kg,ip) from 6 h after the onset of the operation for 2 weeks.Then the learning and memory abilities were tested after Morris water maze and step-though training.The activity of PDE4 in hippocampus was evaluated by HPLC.RESULTS:In the Morris water maze test,compared to sham-operated group,the platform-finding time and swimming distance in model group were significantly longer(P